Basic Terms for Users of Information Technologies

Content of the lesson:

This lesson will summarize several often used terms in the area of computer technologies.

• ADSL high speed connection to the Internet using the phone line (I can be connected to the Internet and use the phone at once)
• AGP slot for connecting a graphic card to the motherboard
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons (Autor: Berkut)
• Antivirus program which protects PC from viruses and harmful software or can be used to detect and remove it from PC
• Application programs which are used by users
• BIOS allows communication between hardware, the chipset of motherboard and operating system (it connects hardware with software). Source: http://clanky.katalognotebooku.cz/slovnik-pojmu-notebooky/co-je-to-bios/
• BLOG web application where an author can publish his articles (a web diary)
• Blu-ray recording medium (single-layered 25 GB, double-layered 50 GB, double-layered at both sides 80 GB)
  
  Zdroj: Wikimedia Commons
• CAD To simplify, these programs are used for modeling instead of a drawing board. Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_aided_design
• CD-ROM read-only medium with capacity of  700 MB
• Computer network two and more connected computers
• CSS cascading style sheet - language which describes the appearance of html pages
• Database system of storing data and relations between it, can be imagined like a card file at doctor
• DVD recording medium similar to CD, higher capacity 4,7GB - 17,1 GB
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• DVI port (interface) for connecting a video device to a computer, ensures smooth communication between display devices like LCD or data projector with a graphic card
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• Editor program which allows you to edit that type of document for which it was designed, for example a text editor (notepad, Microsoft Word)
• Electronic signature electronic identification details of the sender of an electronic document Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektronick%C3%BD_podpis
• E-learning learning process which uses information and communication technologies to create courses and to distribute educational content, communication between students and teachers and to manage a studio. Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/E-learning
• E-mail service in the Internet which allows you to send and receive e-mails used for communication
• Flash (flashdisc) recording medium using a flash memory - data is stored after removing power supply
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• FTP protocol for file transfer between computers using a computer network. Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/FTP
• FULL-HD It is used in the area of TV and video, the image in "High Definition" - resolution 1920x1080 px.
• GIS information system for getting, analyzing and visualizing data which have spatial relation to the Earth surface. Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GIS
• GPS system which can determine an accurate location on the Earth (GPS device is the device which shows you your location and can be connected to navigation to navigate you to the target place)
• GUI user interface which allows you to control a computer using interactive graphic elements (for example desktop with menus and buttons, command line, Braille line, voice interfaces and more. Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI
• Hardware physical equipment of PC - "everything what can be kicked when software fails"
• HDD hard drive, recording medium of a computer for storing larger amount of data, nowadays up to 3TB
  
• HDMI interface for transferring non-compressed image and sound
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• HTML markup language which is used to create web pages
• HTTP internet protocol designed to transfer hypertext documents in the format of HTML Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Http
• HTTPS uses HTTP but sends encrypted data
• Hub controller, copies the same data from one port to all other
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• Hypertext text which links to a different text or texts
• ICQ (fully named as I Seek You). Communication software, which was developed by Mirabilis (nowadays owned by Digital Sky Technologies). It uses the OSCAR protocol.
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• Information data which informs you about something
• IP address is a number which is unique for each computer inside a computer network Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP_adresa
• Interface program or format which ensures that the communication and data transfers between different devices or programs are correct Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface
• Internet global computer network, other computer networks are connected to it
• Intranet computer network on the same principle as the Internet but it is not public, it is usually used in a company, school, etc.
• IS Information system is a group or people, technological resources and methods which collect, transmit, process and store data to be able to present information to other people. Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Informa%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_syst%C3%A9m
• JAVA object-oriented programming language
• JavaScript object-oriented scripting language
• jQuery JQuery is a library for JavaScript (set of functions) which simplifies working with the JavaScript. It is simple, readable and fast. Source: http://www.jquery-navod.cz/kategorie-ostatni-clanky/1-uvodni-clanek
• LAN local computer network
• LCD display which consists of liquid crystals
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• Linux Unix operating system
• Messenger application which can be used for communication in the Internet or in a local network (usually in realtime)
• Modem device which converts analogue signal to digital one and vice versa
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• Monitor screen where you see everything you do on PC
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• Network card allows you to connect to the Internet
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• Notebook portable computer
  
  Zdroj: Wikimedia Commons
• Operating system (OS) it is the basic software equipment of a computer, is loaded to memory after turning the PC on and remains there until the computer is shut down. Source: cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operační_systém
• PCI-E slot on the motherboard - bus PCI-Express is a standard for system bus which was created to replace the older standards PCI, PCI-X and AGP.
  
  Source:Wikimedia Commons
• PDA pocket PC
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• PDF format of documents which can be used to display a document on different computers in the same way in case you have any PDF reader.
• Plugin plug-in module which extends functions of another application
• POP3 protocol which downloads mail from a server to PC so it is available also after disconnecting from the Internet
• PORT input which can be used to connect cables, for example USB port, VGA, network port etc.
  
  Photo: Michal Heczko
• Processor (CPU) the basic part of computer which executes the machine code of executable programs
  
  Source: Indieridley Blog
• RAID (Redundant Array of Independent Disks) is a label for disk controllers which allow you to connect two or more drives to increase the performance and to protect data from being damaged. Source: http://www.gjszlin.cz/ivt/esf/ostatni-sin/zalohovani-raid.php
• RAM memory medium inside PC which lost all content after disconnecting the power supply
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• Router is an active network device in computer networks which transfers data to their targets using a procedure called routing Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Router
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• RSS is a format which allows you to get news from webs which provide this service
• Scanner device which can help you to get a digital version of your documents
  
  Photo: Michal Mikláš
• Server computer which offers particular services to other computers
• Skype peer-to-peer program for calling via the Internet
  
• SMTP mail protocol which allows transmissions of mail between sender and the server and also between servers
• Social network connected group of people who affect each other
• Software - software equipment of a computer
• Spyware program which secretly sends data about the user of PC to a foreign person
• Switch device which connects devices in a network
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• Tablet touch device which can be used to control the cursor, to draw or to write using a pen
  
  Zdroj: Wikimedia Commons
• TCP/IP set of protocols for communication inside a computer network and also the main protocol of the global network Internet Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCP/IP
• Terminal electronic or electromagnetic device for inputting and displaying data from a computer or a computing device Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Termin%C3%A1l_%28informatika%29
• Touchpad touch device used for notebooks to control the cursor
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• Trackball a variant of controlling the cursor for movement which is used for very soft movements - the ball is controlled by fingers
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• USB universal serial bus, modern way to connect peripherals to computer Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usb
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• VGA (Video Graphics Array) is a computer standard for displaying technique, also port for connecting a monitor
  
  Source: Wikimedia Commons
• Virus is a computer program which is distributed without the consciousness of user and its task is to harm and damage computers. Source: http://www.gjszlin.cz/ivt/esf/ostatni-sin/pocitacove-viry.php
• XML is general markup language which allows you to simply create concrete markup languages (so called applications) for different purposes and types of data Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xml
• WAN computer network which covers a large geographical area, the largest and the most known example of WAN network is the Internet. Source: http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/WAN
• WI-FI a way of cordless communication
• Windows operating system from Microsoft
• WWW World Wide Web - service of the Internet which allows you to browse through web pages
• WWW page document created in HTML which is displayed inside a web browser